Journal: Annals of neurology
Article Title: Streptococcus pneumoniae worsens cerebral ischemia via interleukin 1 and platelet glycoprotein Ibα.
doi: 10.1002/ana.24146
Figure Lengend Snippet: FIGURE 6: Blockade of interleukin (IL) 1 actions by IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) reverses the effects of Streptococcus pneumo- niae infection on outcome after cerebral ischemia in rodents. (A) The increase in infarct volume caused by infection is reversed after IL-1Ra administration 1 hour after reperfusion, as measured on cresyl violet (Nissl)-stained brain sections. (B) Cresyl violet (Nissl) stain- ing and immunohistochemical detection of plasma-derived immunoglobulin (Ig) G in the brain in uninfected (Control) and S. pneumo- niae–infected (Pneumo) mice. (C) Blood–brain barrier (BBB) damage was measured by IgG staining. (D) Neurological outcome is impaired after infection, which is fully reversed by IL-1Ra administration. (E) IL-1Ra administered to infected and uninfected mice 1 hour after reperfusion results in reduced splenic granulocyte and bone marrow T-cell numbers 24 hours after cerebral ischemia (two- way analysis of variance [ANOVA] followed by Bonferroni post hoc comparison, n5 5–6). (F) IL-1b levels in the liver were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in control and infected Wistar rats after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo). (G) IL-1Ra administration 1 hour after reperfusion reverses infection-induced exacerbation of the ischemic brain injury in Wistar rats. (H) Cresyl violet–stained, representative brain sections are shown in uninfected and infected mice with or without IL-1Ra. (I) BBB injury is increased in response to infection, and this is reversed by IL-1Ra. (J) IL-1Ra reduced brain edema in infected rats after cerebral ische- mia. (K) Behavioral outcome was assessed at various time points in control and infected rats before stroke (days 0, 4, and 7 postin- fection) and 24 hours after MCAo (24 hours p.str., n5 6–7). (L) Neurological outcome is significantly improved in infected mice after IL-1Ra treatment (n5 6–7; two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post hoc comparison). *p< 0.05, **p< 0.01, ***p< 0.001, ****p< 0.0001. veh.5 vehicle. [Color figure can be viewed in the online issue, which is available at www.annalsofneurology.org.]
Article Snippet: The volume of ischemic and blood–brain barrier (BBB) damage was measured as described previously and corrected for edema.16 Leakage of plasma-derived IgG (BBB damage) was detected with biotinylated horse antimouse IgG (1:500; Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, CA) followed by incubation with ABC solution (1:500; Vector), and the color was developed by diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride (DAB).
Techniques: Infection, Staining, Immunohistochemical staining, Clinical Proteomics, Derivative Assay, Control, Comparison, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay
![FIGURE 6: Blockade of interleukin (IL) 1 actions by IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) reverses the effects of Streptococcus pneumo- niae infection on outcome after cerebral ischemia in rodents. (A) The increase in infarct volume caused by infection is reversed after IL-1Ra administration 1 hour after reperfusion, as measured on cresyl violet (Nissl)-stained brain sections. (B) Cresyl violet (Nissl) stain- ing and immunohistochemical detection of <t>plasma-derived</t> immunoglobulin (Ig) G in the brain in uninfected (Control) and S. pneumo- niae–infected (Pneumo) mice. (C) Blood–brain barrier (BBB) damage was measured by <t>IgG</t> staining. (D) Neurological outcome is impaired after infection, which is fully reversed by IL-1Ra administration. (E) IL-1Ra administered to infected and uninfected mice 1 hour after reperfusion results in reduced splenic granulocyte and bone marrow T-cell numbers 24 hours after cerebral ischemia (two- way analysis of variance [ANOVA] followed by Bonferroni post hoc comparison, n5 5–6). (F) IL-1b levels in the liver were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in control and infected Wistar rats after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo). (G) IL-1Ra administration 1 hour after reperfusion reverses infection-induced exacerbation of the ischemic brain injury in Wistar rats. (H) Cresyl violet–stained, representative brain sections are shown in uninfected and infected mice with or without IL-1Ra. (I) BBB injury is increased in response to infection, and this is reversed by IL-1Ra. (J) IL-1Ra reduced brain edema in infected rats after cerebral ische- mia. (K) Behavioral outcome was assessed at various time points in control and infected rats before stroke (days 0, 4, and 7 postin- fection) and 24 hours after MCAo (24 hours p.str., n5 6–7). (L) Neurological outcome is significantly improved in infected mice after IL-1Ra treatment (n5 6–7; two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post hoc comparison). *p< 0.05, **p< 0.01, ***p< 0.001, ****p< 0.0001. veh.5 vehicle. [Color figure can be viewed in the online issue, which is available at www.annalsofneurology.org.]](https://pub-med-unpaywalled-images-cdn.bioz.com/pub_med_ids_ending_with_4058/pm24644058/pm24644058__page10_image1.jpg)